People of the United States, including Texas, were known for discriminating against the Chinese. In 1882 those feelings led to the Chinese Exclusion Act signed by President Hayes. This act limited Chinese immigrants, mostly laborers. Chinese merchants, teachers, students, and visitors were allowed, but none could become a citizen of the United States. Chinese laborers already living in the U.S. could not bring their families into the country.

(Staff Note: Photos 73-1543, 73-1512)

The discrimination was because many Americans, especially in California, felt the Chinese were too successful and were taking away their jobs. Because of the small Chinese population in Texas, there was less local prejudice, and many were able to open businesses. The most common types of businesses were restaurants, grocery stores, and laundries. These were jobs that other people did not want, until the Chinese started making too much money.

(Staff Note: Photos 76-470)