Hancock, I. “The Texas Seminoles and Their Language.” Austin: African and Afro-American Studies and Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, 1980.    

Pingenot, B.E. “The Great Wagon Train Expedition of 1850.” Southwestern Historical Quarterly XCVIII, no. 2 (1994): 183-226.

Porter, K. “The Seminole in Mexico, 1850-1861.” The Hispanic American Historical Review XXXI, no. 1 (1951): 13-35.

________. “The Seminole Negro-Indian Scouts: 1870-1881.” Southwestern Historical Quarterly LV, no. 3 (1952): 359-76.

Thybony, S. “Against All Odds, Black Seminoles Won Their Freedom.” Smithsonian 22 (1991): 90-101.

Wallace, E.S. “General John Lapham Bullis: Thunderbolt of the Texas Frontier” II. Southwestern Historical Quarterly LV (1951): 77-85.

NEWSPAPERS:

Bateman, C.C. “A Landmark of the Old Frontier—Fort Clark, Texas.” Army and Navy Register (ANR), December 20, 1913, pp. 761-62.

Evans, C. “Scout’s Honor.” Fort Worth Star Telegram (FWST), March 23, 1990.

Woodhull, Frost. “The Seminole Scouts on the Border.” Bandera, Texas, Frontier Times 15, no. 3: 118-26.            

ASSORTED PAPERS:

Foster, Laurence. “Negro Indian Relationships in the Southeast.” Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 1933.

Fort Duncan and Clark enlistment papers on file at Fort Clark Museum.

BOOKS:

Amos, Alcione M., and Thomas Senter, eds. The Black Seminoles. History of a Freedom-Seeking People. (Compiled notes of  Kenneth W. Porter.) Gainesville:University Press of Florida, 1996.

Littlefield, D.F. Africans and Creeks: From the Colonial Period to the Civil War. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1979.

Mock, Shirley Boteler, with Alice Fay Lozano. Singing to the Ancestors: Black Seminoles in Texas and Mexico. Will be published in 2000.

Mulroy, K. Freedom on the Border: The Seminole Maroons in Florida, the Indian Territory, Coahuila, and Texas. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press, 1993.

 Pirtle, Caleb, III and Michael F. Cusak. The Lonely Sentinel. Austin: Eakin Press, 1985.

Porter, K. The Negro on the American Frontier. New York: New York Times and Arno Press, 1971.

Swanson, D.A. “Fort Clark, Texas: A Bootstrap on the Nueces Strip to Headquarters of the Military District Nueces.” Unpublished manuscript on file at Fort Clark Museum. 1985a.

_________.  “Coacoochee: The Red Knight.” Unpublished manuscript on file at Fort Clark Museum. 1985b.

Weisman, B.R. Like Beads on a String: A Culture History of the Seminole Indians in North Peninsular Florida. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, 1989.

Wickman, P.R. Osceola’s Legacy. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1991.

INTERVIEWS:

Miss Charles Wilson Interview, July 28, 1995, Brackettville.

Miss Charles Wilson Interview, June 20, 1995, Brackettville, with Ethel and William Warrior.

Alice Fay Lozano Interview, 1996, Brackettville and Nacimiento.