

Xenophon, writing
one of his dialogues, refers to the organization of the Phoenician
sailors. His character Ischomachus used the observation, among other
army and navy analogies, to encourage his wife to greater order around
the house:
Once
I had an opportunity of looking over the great Phoenician merchantman
. . . and I thought I had never seen tackle so excellently and accurately
arranged. For I never saw so many bits of stuff packed away separately
in so small a receptacle. As you know, a ship needs a great quantity
of wooden and corded implements when she comes into port or puts
to sea, much rigging, as it is called, when she sails, many contrivances
to protect her against enemy vessels; she carries a large supply
of arms for the men, and contains a set of household utensils for
each mess. In addition to all this, she is laden with cargo which
the skipper carries for profit. And all the things I mention were
contained in a chamber of little more than a hundred square cubits
[The word is
literally having space for ten couches.] and I notice
that each kind of thing was so neatly stowed away that there was
no confusion, no work for a searcher, nothing out of place, no troublesome
untying to cause delay when anything was wanted for immediate use.
I found that the steersmans servant, who is called the mate,
knows each particular section so exactly, that he can tell even
when away where everything is kept and how much there is of it,
just as well as a man who knows how to spell can tell how many letters
there are in Socrates and in what order they come. Now I saw this
man in his spare time inspecting all the stores that are wanted,
as a matter of course, in the ship (during the voyage).
I was surprised to see him looking over them, and asked what he
was doing. Sir, he answered, I am looking to see
how the ships tackle is stored, in case of accident, or whether
anything is missing or mixed up with other stuff. For when God sends
a storm at sea, theres no time to search about for what you
want or to serve it out if its in a muddle. For God threatens
and punishes careless fellows, and youre lucky if he merely
refrains from destroying the innocent; and if he saves you when
you do your work well, you have much cause to thank heaven.
Now
after seeing the ships tackle in such perfect order, I told
my wife: Considering that folk aboard a merchant vessel, even
though it be a little one, find room for things and keep order,
though tossed violently to and fro, and find what they want to get,
though terror-stricken, it would be downright carelessness on our
part if we, who have large store rooms in our house to keep everything
separate and whose house rests on solid ground, fail to find a good
and handy place for everything. . . .
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